Policypublished

AI Music Deals Move Forward. Musician Pay Is Still in Dispute.

Settlements are pushing Suno and Udio toward licensed training, but a union lawsuit shows that permission from a label may not settle what individual musicians are owed.

By 4 min read
AI Music Deals Move Forward. Musician Pay Is Still in Dispute.

Listen to this story

The audio brief

About 1:33
0:001:33
Read transcript
Universal and Warner have moved AI music closer to licensed training. Universal settled with Udio in October 2025, and Warner settled with both Udio and Suno the following month. But those agreements have not settled the question of who gets paid. Sony’s lawsuits against both companies are still ongoing, so the broader copyright fight is not over. Suno and Udio can turn a text prompt into a finished song, including vocals, lyrics, and instrumentation. The legal dispute has two separate parts: whether these systems were allowed to learn from copyrighted recordings, and whether the people who performed, played, or wrote those recordings receive compensation. Suno has acknowledged that its training data included essentially all reasonably high-quality music files available on the open internet. The American Federation of Musicians now alleges that Universal and Warner licensed members’ recordings without proper compensation or credit. The labels have asked a federal court to dismiss the case, arguing that AI payments fall outside their existing Sound Recording Labor Agreement. Universal’s deal also gives artists an option to opt in or out, but that still leaves revenue allocation unresolved. The scale makes the issue more immediate: Suno chief executive Mikey Shulman said the service passed two million paid subscribers in February. The next decisive question is whether a label-level license can create a traceable share for the individual musicians whose work supplied the training value.

Story brief

3 key points

Universal, Warner and AI music companies Suno and Udio are moving from copyright litigation toward licensing arrangements, but the deals have not resolved how revenue reaches performers, players and songwriters. Universal settled with Udio in October 2025; Warner settled with both companies in November, while Sony’s suits continue. Separately, the American Federation of Musicians argues label licenses may violate...

  1. 01

    Universal settled with Udio in October 2025; Warner settled with Udio and Suno the following month.

  2. 02

    Sony Music Entertainment’s lawsuits against Suno and Udio remain ongoing, so licensing has not ended the legal dispute.

  3. 03

    The American Federation of Musicians alleges Universal and Warner licensed members’ recordings without compensation or credit; dismissal requests are pending.

Suno and Udio can turn a text prompt into a complete song with vocals, lyrics and instrumentation. The fight around them now has two fronts: whether AI companies needed permission to learn from recordings, and whether licensing deals can leave the musicians behind those recordings without a share of the proceeds.

The first front has begun to produce deals. The Recording Industry Association of America announced copyright infringement cases against Suno and Udio in June 2024, alleging unauthorized training on copyrighted recordings. Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group and Warner Music Group are among the main plaintiffs. Universal settled with Udio in October 2025; Warner settled with Udio and Suno the next month; Sony’s lawsuits continue.

Training-data disclosure is a separate pressure point. Journalist Alex Reisner’s AI Watchdog project has helped musicians, including SZA, identify their work in AI training datasets. Suno, meanwhile, acknowledged in court filings that its training data included essentially all reasonably high-quality music files accessible on the open internet, alongside other data.

A license can answer one question and reopen another

Those settlements generally move toward licenses for music used in model training. Universal’s arrangement gives artists an option to opt in or out. That is a meaningful shift from the underlying allegation of unlicensed use, but it does not itself establish how payments move from an AI company or label to the singers, players and songwriters whose work helped create the licensed catalog.

The contrast matters because a fair-use outcome would address whether earlier ingestion required permission. Licensing deals, by contrast, create a commercial route forward—but leave the distribution of their value as a separate negotiation. The Music Artists Coalition’s position is not to stop AI, but to give creators meaningful control in those negotiations through consent, compensation and transparency.

The same catalog, different claimants

The American Federation of Musicians has put that distribution question into court. The union sued Universal and Warner, alleging the labels licensed recordings made by members for AI use without compensating or crediting those musicians. Universal and Warner have asked a federal court to dismiss the case, saying AI compensation is outside the existing Sound Recording Labor Agreement.

That case does not challenge whether the labels made AI agreements. It challenges whether those agreements trigger obligations to the musicians whose recordings were licensed. The court’s decision is not provided, leaving the relationship between label-level licenses and musician compensation unresolved.

What the dispute separates

  • Training permission: whether copyrighted recordings can be used to build a model without a license under fair use.
  • Label authority: whether a rights-holder’s license resolves the claims of the individual musicians on a recording.
  • Revenue allocation: whether creators receive compensation when their work is used in training or covered by an AI deal.

The pressure is not limited to training. Streaming services divide a portion of subscription revenue across plays in a shared catalog. Critics including Delgado argue that a rapid increase in AI-generated tracks could dilute the share available to human-made music. That is an argument about platform economics, not proof that every AI track displaces a particular musician’s payment.

Suno’s scale makes the policy stakes more immediate: CEO Mikey Shulman said in February that the company had passed two million paid subscribers. Yet the current record offers no settled answer to the central financial question. Deals can establish permission; the unresolved fights will determine whether they also establish a traceable, meaningful share for the people whose music supplied the value.

Editorial analysis

Our Read

The emerging fault line is inside the music business, not simply between AI companies and copyright owners. Universal’s opt-in or opt-out approach to AI training points toward a licensing market, while the AFM case tests whether labels can make those deals without a payment path for performers. The next evidence to watch is whether the Sony cases, still active, produce terms that clarify who receives money—and whether a court accepts the labels’ argument that the existing labor agreement does not cover AI compensation.

Sources

  1. npr.orgThe grueling fight over who profits from AI music
  2. kqed.orgThe Grueling Fight Over Who Profits From AI Music